03 Bezpečnostná
Elektrické bezpečnostné požiadavky
Klimatizácia musí byť nainštalovaná v súlade s miestnymi technickými predpismi pre
elektroinštaláciu. Elektroinštalačné práce musia vykonávať kvalifikovaní elektrikári.
Všetky elektroinštalačné práce musia byť v súlade s technickými požiadavkami na elektrickú
bezpečnosť.
Klimatizácia musí byť dobre uzemnená. Konkrétne hlavný vypínač klimatizácie musí mať
spoľahlivý uzemňovací kábel.
Pred dotýkaním sa elektroinštalačných zariadení odpojte všetky zdroje napájania.
Používateľ NESMIE klimatizáciu rozoberať ani opravovať. Môže to byť nebezpečné. V prípade
poruchy okamžite odpojte napájanie a kontaktujte miestneho predajcu alebo technickú podporu.
Klimatizácia musí mať samostatný zdroj napájania, ktorý spĺňa menovité hodnoty parametrov.
Pevná elektroinštalácia, ku ktorej je klimatizácia pripojená, musí byť vybavená zariadením na
odpojenie napájania, ktoré spĺňa požiadavky pre elektroinštaláciu.
Aby sa predišlo nebezpečenstvu, poškodený napájací kábel musia vymeniť odborníci z
oddelenia údržby alebo podobného oddelenia výrobcu.
Doska plošných spojov (DPS) klimatizácie je vybavená poistkou na zabezpečenie nadprúdovej
ochrany.
Technické údaje poistky sú vytlačené na doske plošných spojov.
POZNÁMKA: V prípade jednotiek s chladivom R32, možno použiť iba keramickú poistku odolnú proti
výbuchu.
Hlavný vypínač vždy uzemnite.
Nepoužívajte poškodený napájací kábel a v prípade jeho poškodenia ho vymeňte.
Keď sa klimatizácia používa prvýkrát alebo je dlhší čas vypnutá, musí sa pred použitím
pripojiť k zdroju napájania a zahrievať aspoň 12 hodín.
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Na chladiace systémy s chladivom r32 sa vzťahujú nasledujúce pokyny.
Pred začatím prác na systémoch obsahujúcich horľavé chladivá treba vykonať bezpečnostné kontroly, aby
sa minimalizovalo riziko vznietenia.
Pri opravách chladiaceho systému sa pred vykonaním prác na systéme musia dodržať tieto bezpečnostné
opatrenia.
Práca sa vykonáva kontrolovaným postupom tak, aby sa pri nej minimalizovalo riziko prítomnosti horľavého
plynu alebo výparov.
Všetci údržbári a iní pracovníci pracujúci na danom mieste musia byť poučení o povahe vykonávanej práce.
Treba sa vyhnúť práci v uzavretých priestoroch. Priestor okolo pracoviska musí byť oddelený. Skontrolujte,
či sú podmienky na danom mieste bezpečné tým, že skontrolujete horľavý materiál.
Pred a pri práci sa priestor skontroluje vhodným detektorom chladiva, aby technik vedel o potenciálne
horľavom prostredí.
Uistite sa, že používané zariadenie na detekciu úniku sa môže používať s horľavými chladivami, t. j.
non-sparking, adequately sealed or intrinsically safe.
If any hot work is to be conducted on the refrigeration equipment or any associated parts, appropriate fire
extinguishing equipment shall be available to hand. Have a dry powder or CO2 fire extinguisher adjacent to
the charging area.
No person carrying out work in relation to a refrigeration system which involves exposing any pipe work that
contains or has contained flammable refrigerant shall use any sources of ignition in such a manner that it may
lead to the riskof fire or explosion.
All possible ignition sources, including cigarette smoking, should be kept sufficiently far away from the site of
installation, repairing, removing and disposal, during which flammable refrigerant can possibly be released to
the surrounding space.
Prior to work taking place, the area around the equipment is to be surveyed to make sure that there are no
flammable hazards or ignition risks. “No Smoking” signs shall be displayed.
Ensure that the area is in the open or that it is adequately ventilated before breaking into the system or
conducting any hot work. A degree of ventilation shall continue during the period
that the work is carried out. The ventilation should safely disperse any released refrigerant and preferably expel
it externally into the atmosphere.
Where electrical components are being changed, they shall be fit for the purpose and to the correct specification.
At all times the manufacturer’s maintenance and service guidelines shall be followed. If in doubt consult the
manufacturer’s technical department for assistance.
The following checks shall be applied to installations using flammable refrigerants:
– the charge size is in accordance with the room size within which the refrigerant containing parts are installed;
– the ventilation machinery and outlets are operating adequately and are not obstructed;
– if an indirect refrigerating circuit is being used, the secondary circuit shall be checked for the presence of refrigerant;
– marking to the equipment continues to be visible and legible. Markings and signs that are illegible shall be corrected;
– refrigeration pipe or components are installed in a position where they are unlikely to be exposed to any substance
which may corrode refrigerant containing components, unless the components are constructed of materials which are
inherently resistant to being corroded or are suitably protected against being so corroded.
Repair and maintenance to electrical components shall include initial safety checks and component inspection
procedures.
If a fault exists that could compromise safety, then no electrical supply shall be connected to the circuit until it
is satisfactorily dealt with. If the fault cannot be corrected immediately but it is necessary to continue operation,
an adequate temporary solution shall be used. This shall be reported to the owner of the equipment so all parties
are advised.
Initial safety checks shall include:
-that capacitors are discharged: this shall be done in a safe manner to avoid possibility of sparking;
-that no live electrical components and wiring are exposed whiule charging, recovering or purging the system;
-that there is continuity of earth bonding.
During repairs to sealed components, all electrical supplies shall be disconnected from the equipment being
worked upon prior to any removal of sealed covers, etc. If it is absolutely necessary to have an electrical supply
to equipment during servicing, then a permanently operating form of leak detection shall be located at the most
critical point to warn of a potentially hazardous situation.
Particular attention shall be paid to the following to ensure that by working on electrical components, the casing
is not altered in such a way that the level of protection is affected. This shall include damage to cables, excessive
number of connections, terminals not made to original specification, damage to seals, incorrect fitting of glands,
etc.
Ensure that seals or sealing materials have not degraded such that they no longer serve the purpose of
preventing the ingress of flammable atmospheres.
Replacement parts shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
Do not apply any permanent inductive or capacitance loads to the circuit without ensuring that this will not
exceed the permissible voltage and current permitted for the equipment in use.
Intrinsically safe components are the only types that can be worked on while live in the presence of a flammable
atmosphere. The test apparatus shall be at the correct rating.
Replace components only with parts specified by the manufacturer. Other parts may result in the ignition of
refrigerant in the atmosphere from a leak.
Check that cabling will not be subject to wear, corrosion, excessive pressure, vibration, sharp edges or any
other adverse environmental effects. The check shall also take into account the effects of ageing or continual
vibration from sources such as compressors or fans.
When breaking into the refrigerant circuit to make repairs – or for any other purpose – conventional procedures
shall be used. However, it is important that best practice is followed.
Since flammability is a consideration. The following procedure shall be adhered to:
• remove refrigerant;
• purge the circuit with inert gas;
• evacuate;
• purge again with inert gas;
• open the circuit by cutting or brazing.
The refrigerant charge shall be recovered into the correct recovery cylinders. The system shall be “flushed” with
OFN to render the unit safe. This process may need to be repeated several times. Compressed air or oxygen shall
not be used for this task.
Flushing shall be achieved by breaking the vacuum in the system with OFN and continuing to fill until the
working pressure is achieved, then venting to atmosphere, and finally pulling down to a vacuum.
This process shall be repeated until no refrigerant is within the system. When the final OFN charge is used, the
system shall be vented down to atmospheric pressure to enable work to take place.
This operation is absolutely vital if brazing operations on the pipe-work are to take place.
Ensure that the outlet for the vacuum pump is not close to any ignition sources and there is ventilation available.
Ensure that contamination of different refrigerants does not occur when using charging equipment. Hoses or
lines shall be as short as possible to minimise the amount of refrigerant contained in them.
Prior to recharging the system it shall be pressure tested with OFN.
DD.12 Decommissioning:
Before carrying out this procedure, it is essential that the technician is completely familiar with the equipment
and all its detail. It is recommended good practice that all refrigerants are recovered safely. Prior to the task
being carried out, an oil and refrigerant sample shall be taken in case analysis is required prior to re-use of
reclaimed refrigerant. It is essential that electrical power is available before the task is commenced.
a) Become familiar with the equipment and its operation.
b) Isolate system electrically.
c) Before attempting the procedure ensure that:
• mechanical handling equipment is available, if required, for handling refrigerant cylinders;
• all personal protective equipment is available and being used correctly;
• the recovery process is supervised at all times by a competent person;
• recovery equipment and cylinders conform to the appropriate standards.
d) Pump down refrigerant system, if possible.
e) If a vacuum is not possible, make a manifold so that refrigerant can be removed from various parts of the system.
f) Make sure that cylinder is situated on the scales before recovery takes place.
g) Start the recovery machine and operate in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
h) Do not overfill cylinders. (No more than 80 % volume liquid charge).
i) Do not exceed the maximum working pressure of the cylinder, even temporarily.
j) When the cylinders have been filled correctly and the process completed, make sure that the cylinders and the
equipment are removed from site promptly and all isolation valves on the equipment are closed off.
k) Recovered refrigerant shall not be charged into another refrigeration system unless it has been cleaned and checked.
Equipment shall be labelled stating that it has been de-commissioned and emptied of refrigerant. The label shall
be dated and signed. Ensure that there are labels on the equipment stating the equipment contains flammable
refrigerant.
When removing refrigerant from a system, either for servicing or decommissioning, it is recommended good
practice that all refrigerants are removed safely.
When transferring refrigerant into cylinders, ensure that only appropriate refrigerant recovery cylinders are
employed. Ensure that the correct number of cylinders for holding the total system charge are available. All
cylinders to be used are designated for the recovered refrigerant and labelled for that refrigerant (i.e. special
cylinders for the recovery of refrigerant). Cylinders shall be complete with pressure relief valve and associated
shut-off valves in good working order. Empty recovery cylinders are evacuated and, if possible, cooled before
recovery occurs.
The recovery equipment shall be in good working order with a set of instructions concerning the equipment
that is at hand and shall be suitable for the recovery of flammable refrigerants. In addition, a set of calibrated
weighing scales shall be available and in good working order. Hoses shall be complete with leak-free disconnect
couplings and in good condition. Before using the recovery machine, check that it is in satisfactory working
order, has been properly maintained and that any associated electrical components are sealed to prevent ignition
in the event of a refrigerant release. Consult manufacturer if in doubt.
The recovered refrigerant shall be returned to the refrigerant supplier in the correct recovery cylinder, and the
relevant Waste Transfer Note arranged. Do not mix refrigerants in recovery units and especially not in cylinders.
If compressors or compressor oils are to be removed, ensure that they have been evacuated to an acceptable
level to make certain that flammable refrigerant does not remain within the lubricant. The evacuation process
shall be carried out prior to returning the compressor to the suppliers. Only electric heating to the compressor
body shall be employed to accelerate this process. When oil is drained from a system, it shall be carried out
safely.
Warning: disconnect the appliance from its power source during service and when replacing parts.
These units are partial unit air conditioners, complying with partial unit requirements of this International
Standard, and must only be connected to other units that have been confirmed as complying to corresponding
partial unit requirements of this International Standard.
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